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Referencing guide

Keep citations accurate, consistent, and assessment-ready

Referencing errors can cost marks even when the argument is strong. A careful citation process ensures that sources are credited properly, reference lists match in-text citations, and formatting follows the required style.

7 min readUpdated referencing guidanceKeyword focus: referencing help

Match every in-text citation to the reference list

A common error is citing a source in the assessment but omitting it from the final reference list, or listing a source that is never cited. Both problems should be corrected before submission.

Follow the required style exactly

APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, and other styles differ in author formatting, dates, titles, punctuation, page numbers, URLs, and DOI presentation. Small details matter.

Use citations to support attestations

Citations should be attached to attestations that need evidence. Do not overcite basic transitions, but do cite statistics, theories, research findings, definitions, and borrowed ideas.

Common questions

Do all assessments need references?

Most academic assessments require references when using outside sources, course materials, statistics, theories, images, or direct quotations. Always follow the assessment instructions.

What is the most common citation mistake?

One of the most common mistakes is a mismatch between in-text citations and the reference list. Every cited source should appear in both places where required.